Leaders & Emperors of Ancient ROME -
Siege of Troy to Battle of Yorktown
It extends through 16 centuries and includes several stages in the history of the Roman State from Monarchy to Republic to Imperial Empire.
YOUR TELEVISION HISTORY MOVIE ARM CHAIR COMPANION.
EVER WATCH A CLASSIC MOVIE LIKE "TROY" OR "GLADIATOR" AND WANT TO
KNOW HOW IT ALL FITS ?
ERA OF TIME > CONTEMPORANEOUS LEADER & EVENTS
1260 BC > Greek Army Defeats Trojans at Troy (Turkey) 20 yrs of siege
"Troy" (2004) Brad Pitt, Eric Bana, Julie Christie,
Orlando Bloom, Peter O'Toole.
"Troy" (2004) Brad Pitt, Eric Bana, Julie Christie,
Orlando Bloom, Peter O'Toole.
.
753 BC- 509 BC > Rome - Monarchy Founded In Italy
Roman Monarchy ends after 250 years of King of Romans.
Founded 4-21-753 BC. by Romulus and Remus.
753 BC- 509 BC > Rome - Monarchy Founded In Italy
Roman Monarchy ends after 250 years of King of Romans.
Romulus descendant of Trojan Prince Aeneas.
(See writings of Virgil -"The Aeneid", and Plutarch)
567 BC > HEBREW ARC OF THE COVENANT -
Disappears from recorded history.
("Raiders of the Lost Arc") Paramount (1981).
(See writings of Virgil -"The Aeneid", and Plutarch)
567 BC > HEBREW ARC OF THE COVENANT -
Disappears from recorded history.
("Raiders of the Lost Arc") Paramount (1981).
509BC-27 BC > Constitutional Republic of Rome - Begins. Lasts 400 years.
480 BC > SPARTAN 300. Battle of Marathon 490 BC between
Persia and Greece is Greek victory but leads to
Battle of Thermopylae 480 BC.
King Xerxes of Persia defeats King Leonidas of Greece.
"300"(2006) Gerard Butler, Lena Headey
480 BC > BATTLE OF ARTEMISIUM - Large Naval engagement following
battle of Marathon August-September 480BC between Greek &
Persia military.(300 Rise of Empire",March 7, 2014, Eva Green)
356-323BC > Alexander "The Great" born and rules Greek & Macedonian
Empire. "Alexander"(2004) Colin Farrell, Angelina Jolie,
Val Kilmer)
218 BC > Canae Battle- Hannibal Barca of Carthage, North Africa, defeats
Roman Army of 70 thousand in Italy.
First use of 'Double-Envelopment' Strategy.
First use of 'Double-Envelopment' Strategy.
146 BC > Roman Legions Conquer and Destroy Carthage
Carthage, North Africa, (Tunis, Tunisia)
in Third Punic War. (Punis = Tunis)
[In the film "Patton", General Patton claimed to have actual memories of this battle.]
"Patton"(1970) George C. Scott, Karl Malden, Michael Bates
71BC > SPARTACUS is captured and killed
after leaving encampments on Mt. Somma-Vesuvius, Campania, Italy.
- "SPARTACUS"(1960) Kirk Douglas, Laurence Olivier, Tony Curtis.
.
49- 44 BC > Gaius Julius Caesar
(Appointment asPerpetual Dictator) (Julius Caesar)
Killed March 15, 44BC , Ides of March
See W.Shakespeare "Julius Caesar" and "Antony and Cleopatra",
"Cleopatra" (1963) Richard Burton, Elizabeth Taylor, Rex Harrison, Roddy McDowall
See W.Shakespeare "Julius Caesar" and "Antony and Cleopatra",
"Cleopatra" (1963) Richard Burton, Elizabeth Taylor, Rex Harrison, Roddy McDowall
.
IMPERIAL ROME ERA BEGINS 27 BC - 395 AD 5 CENTURIES OF EMPERORS OF ROME
Today the United Kingdom (Great Britain) and the former Soviet Union, Russia, have political systems most closely resembling this model of Government.
Will the United States of America bow to increased debt, economic and political degeneration then devovle to this system of Imperial leader in the future?
How can there be a Constitution, Senate and Emperor at the same time?
How can there be SPQR?
27-14 BC Augustus (Octavius)
First Emperor of Rome.
Adopted son of Gaius Julius Caesar.
14 BC-37AD Tiberius
14 BC-37AD Tiberius
Jesus of Nazareth is born in Bethlehem during the season of the
Tax Census laws of Augustus Caesar. (Christmas);
33 AD Jesus Christ is Crucified in Jerusalem, Judea after trial by
Pontius Pilate, Roman Governor.) (Easter).
Films: "BEN HUR " (1959) Charleton Heston, Jack Hawkins, StephenBoyd, Martha Scott, Sam Jaffe.
"Jesus of Nazareth" (1977) TV Mini series, numerous film stars -
- James Farentino, Anne Bancroft, Ernest Borgnine, James Mason.
is betrayed by a German converted to Roman known as Arminius (Herman). Varus ignores warnings not to trust Arminius.
Varus was ambushed by this despicable treachery. 3 Roman Legions are destroyed.
Roman dominance in the region is partially restored after ROMAN victories under GERMANICUS in 14 AD.
37-41 AD Gaius (Caligula) (Little Boots)
41-54 Claudius (Claudius the Stutterer) Uncle of Caligula (Little Boots)
54-68 Nero
68 C. Iulius Vindex
68 L. Clodius Macer
68-69 Galba
C. Nymphidius Sabinus
69 Otho
69 Vitellius
69-79 Vespasianus
79-81 Titus
August 24, 0079, Mt.Somma-Vesuvius erupts destroying Pompeii &
Herculaneum near modern Naples.
"The Last Days of Pompeii" (1935) Preston Foster, Basil Rathbone, Alan Hale. Ward Bond.
"The Last Days of Pompeii" (1984) TV Mini Series, Ned Beatty, Ernest Borgnine.
"The Last Days of Pompeii" (1935) Preston Foster, Basil Rathbone, Alan Hale. Ward Bond.
"The Last Days of Pompeii" (1984) TV Mini Series, Ned Beatty, Ernest Borgnine.
81-96 Domitianus
89 L. Antonius Saturninus
96-98 Nerva
98-117 Trajan - The Spanish Emperor of Rome. From Roman Province of what is now Andalusia Spain.
Not from the Patrician elite Roman ethnic class of previous Emperors. Empire reached
greatest and largest geographical area during this Imperial leadership rule.
117-138 Hadrian - Second cousin of Trajan. Born in Spain of Italian ancestors.
Builds Wall of Hadrian in Scotland & series of Forts and Outposts to protect
Roman Colony across the whole island of Britannia. The wall survives to this day.
138-161 Antoninus Pius
161-180 Marcus Aurelius
( Played by Richard Harris in the Film "GLADIATOR" Staring Russel
Crowe as Maximus)
"GLADIATOR" (2000) Richard Harris, Russel Crowe, Connie Nielsen, Joaquin Phoenix
"GLADIATOR" (2000) Richard Harris, Russel Crowe, Connie Nielsen, Joaquin Phoenix
161-166 175 Avidius Cassius
L. Verus
180-192 Commodus (Son of Marcus Aurelius) (see above)
192-193 Pertinax
193 Didius Julianus
193-211 Septimius Severus
193-194 Pescennius Niger
193-197 Clodius Albinus
211-217 Antoninus (Caracalla)
211 Geta
217-218 Macrinus
218 Diadumenianus
218- 222 Elagabalus
Seleucus
Uranius
Gellius Maximus
222-235 Severus Alexander
225-227 L. Seius Sallustius
Taurinus
235-238 Maximinus Thrax
Magnus
Quartinus
238 Gordian I
Gordian II
Pupienus (M aximus)
Balbinus
238-244 Gordian III
240 Sabinianus
244-249 Filippus l' Arabo
248 Pacatianus
248 Iotapianus
Silbannacus
Sponsianus
247-249 Filippus Iunior
249-251 Decius
250 L.Priscus
250 Iulius Valens Licinianus
251 Herennius Etruscus
251 Hostilian
251-253 Trebonianus Gallus
Volusianus
253 Uranius Antoninus
253 Aemilius Aemilianus
253-260 Valerian
Mareades
253-268 Gallienus
260 Ingenuus
260 Regalianus
260-261 Macrianus Senior
260-261 Macrianus Iunior
260-261 Quietus
261 Piso
261 Valens
261 Ballista
261 Mussius Aemilianus
262 Memor
262, 268 Aureolus
Celsus
Saturninus
268-270 Claudius II Gothicus
Censorinus
270 Quintillus
270-275 Aurelian
271-272 Domitianus
271-272 Urbanus
271-272 Septimius
273 Firmus
270-271? Felicissimus
272 Vaballathus
260-274 -Gallic Emperors- (Gaul = France) [ See Julius Caesar, "Gallic Wars" - 58 BC to 50 BC ]
260-269 Postumus
269 Laelianus
269 Marius
269-270 Victorinus
271-274 Tetricus I
273?-274 Tetricus II
Saint Valentine tortured and killed in Rome February 14, 0273 AD.
According to official biography of the Diocese of Terni, Italy, Bishop Valentine was born and lived
in Interamna, Italy and was imprisoned and tortured in Rome on 14 February 0273 while on
temporary stay there. His body was buried in a hurry at a nearby cemetary. A few nights later
his disciples came and carried him home.
273 Faustinus
275-276 Tacitus
276 Florianus
276 - 282 Probus
280 Bonosus
280-281 Proculus
281 Saturninus
282-283 Carus
283-284 Numerianus
283-285 Carinus
284-305 Diocletian
295 L. Domitius Domitianus
297-298 Aurelius Achilleus
303 Eugenius
285 ca.310 Maximianus Herculius
285 Amandus
285 Aelianus
Iulianus
286?-297? Imperatori britannici
286/7-293 Carausius
293-296/7 Allectus
293-306 Constantius I Chlorus
293-311 Galerius
305-313 Maximinus Daia
305-307 Severus II
306-312 Maxentius
308-309 L. Domitius Alexander
308-324 Licinius
314(316?) Valens
324 Martinianus
Birth of Papacy of Roman Catholic Church. Northern England, City of York, statue of
Emperor Constantine when proclaimed "Augustus" 306AD. October 27, 312AD has dreams
and visions of the Cross of the Risen Christ. In Hoc Signo Vinces or "with this sign, you will conquer"
at Milvian Bridge, Ponte Milvio, at the Tiber River, north of Rome, Italy. In 325AD convened First
Ecumentical Council at Nicaea, Turkey. Compiles Holy Bible we read today.
Emperor Constantine when proclaimed "Augustus" 306AD. October 27, 312AD has dreams
and visions of the Cross of the Risen Christ. In Hoc Signo Vinces or "with this sign, you will conquer"
at Milvian Bridge, Ponte Milvio, at the Tiber River, north of Rome, Italy. In 325AD convened First
Ecumentical Council at Nicaea, Turkey. Compiles Holy Bible we read today.
333/334 Calocaerus
337-340 Costantinus II
337-350 Costans I
337-361 Costantius II
350-353 Magnentius
350 Nepotian
350 Vetranio
355 Silvanus
361-363 Julianus
363-364 Jovianus
364-375 Valentinianus I
375 Firmus
364-378 Valens
365-366 Procopius
366 Marcellus
366-383 Gratian
375-392 Valentinianus II
378-395 Theodosius I il Grande
383-388 Magnus Maximus
384-388 Flavius Victor
392-394 Eugenius Somma
400-800 AD > The Dark Ages and Rise of Islam begins.
753BC to 400AD: 1200 Years of Roman dominance ebbs for 400 years. The illumination that was Law, Litrature, Medicine, Culture, Refinement, Sports, Entertainment, Engineering, Architecture, Art, Science, Theology, Commerce, Government, Military Technology and Regimentation wains and bows to Vandals. They are terrorists. Then as now, terrorism is a product of the heart not the mind. The 911 highjackers and their hundreds of coconspirators around the world were all educated people. Evil is a product of hate not intelligence.
In England, there are Legends of the Last Lost Roman Legion IX restructuring, reorganizing, reassembling and the beginnings of Arthur of Camelot Legend. The world is dark with a light at the end of the tunnel. On Christmas Day 800AD, comes the rise of Charlegmagne and the Holy Roman Empire with his Holy Sword of Conquest "Joyeuse". It is said to contain remnants of the Cross of the Risen Christ. Today it is vaulted at the Abby of St. Denis, Paris, France.
"EXCALIBUR" (1981) Nigel Terry, Helen Mirren, Liam Neeson, Patrick Stewart.
"The Last Legion" (2007) Colin Firth, Ben Kingsley, Aishwarya Rai Bachchan.
428> SAINT PATRICK OF IRELAND. Begins his ministry in Ireland to convert Celtic
peoples to Roman Catholic Christianity using parable of the Shamrock
from his origins in post Roman Britannia.
434-453> ATTILA THE HUN. Ruler of Hunic Empire. Russia, France, Germany & Hungary.
Advances to northern Italy. Stopped before reaching Rome by coalition of Roman
and Visigoth forces at battle of Catalaunian Plains in present day France.
527-565> JUSTINIAN I . "Justinian the Great" rules as Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire.
Also known a BYZANTINE EMPIRE. With his wife, Theodora, they sought to revive and
extend the former opulence, splendor, and classical glory of Imperial Rome Golden Age.
The result was a partial restoration of the Western Empire until age of Charlemagne.
Dec 25, 800 > CHARLEMAGNE (Charles the First of France).
Crowned First Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III, 12-25-0800,
Merry Christmas.
Defeats Muslim Army, Battle of Tours, France 0732 AD.
800-900> VIKING RAIDS. Vikings of Norway raid England after end of Roman
dominence until unification under Normans of France in 1066.
"The Vikings", (1958) Kirk Douglas, Ernest Borgnine, Tony Curtis, Janet Leigh
800-900> VIKING RAIDS. Vikings of Norway raid England after end of Roman
dominence until unification under Normans of France in 1066.
"The Vikings", (1958) Kirk Douglas, Ernest Borgnine, Tony Curtis, Janet Leigh
Oct 14, 1066> BATTLE OF HASTINGS. England becomes ruled by Norman-
French of Normandy, France. Lead by William the "Conqueror".
The Legend of Robin Hood, Locksley, of Sherwood and Nottingham begins.
"Adventures of Robin Hood " (1938) Errol Flynn, Olivia deHavilland, Basil Rathbone
"Robin Hood" (2010) Russell Crowe, Cate Blanchett, Max von Sydow
The Legend of Robin Hood, Locksley, of Sherwood and Nottingham begins.
"Adventures of Robin Hood " (1938) Errol Flynn, Olivia deHavilland, Basil Rathbone
"Robin Hood" (2010) Russell Crowe, Cate Blanchett, Max von Sydow
1071 -1095> KINGDOM OF HEAVEN. In 1071 Turks defeat Eastern Holy Roman Empire Army
Jerusalem. Pope Urban II in Rome proclaims Holy Crusade to free Jerusalem from
Muslim military occupation. First Crusade.
"Kingdom of Heaven" (2005) Liam Neeson, Eva Green, Orlando Bloom
July 10, 1099> EL CID. Rodrigo DÃaz de Vivar, known as El Cid Campeador, a
Castilian nobleman, military leader, and diplomat. Defeats Islamic
Moors at Valencia, Spain.
"El CID" (1961) Charleton Heston, Sophia Loren, Raf Vallone
1227> DEATH OF GENGHIS KHAN. Founder and leader of Mongol Empire.
Empire stretched from Sea of Japan to Caspian Sea and reached high point 1279.
1271-1295> MARCO POLO. Travels from Venice, Italy to China at the court of Kublai Khan and
back to Venice. Marco Polo probably returned with knowledge of making Pasta
noodles, Gunpowder, and a vast Ocean to the East of China.
Friday, Oct 13, 1307> KNIGHTS TEMPLAR. Headquarters in Paris, France is attacked by King Phillip IV
of France with reluctant acquiescence of Pope Clement V in Rome. "El CID" (1961) Charleton Heston, Sophia Loren, Raf Vallone
1227> DEATH OF GENGHIS KHAN. Founder and leader of Mongol Empire.
Empire stretched from Sea of Japan to Caspian Sea and reached high point 1279.
1271-1295> MARCO POLO. Travels from Venice, Italy to China at the court of Kublai Khan and
back to Venice. Marco Polo probably returned with knowledge of making Pasta
noodles, Gunpowder, and a vast Ocean to the East of China.
Friday, Oct 13, 1307> KNIGHTS TEMPLAR. Headquarters in Paris, France is attacked by King Phillip IV
Templar Knight order is dissolved and disappears into "mythical fame."
Superstition of "unlucky Friday 13th" is born in Europe.
1347-1352> BUBONIC PLAGUE. Black Plague strikes medieval Europe. Kills 25 million
in 5 years.
June 15, 1429> JOAN D'ARC ( Joan of Arc). Rout of English Army at Beaugency, France
during 100 Years War between England and France.
May 29, 1453 > FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE. Mehmed II of Ottoman
Muslim Turks defeat Christian Constantine XI. City renamed
Istanbul. All trade routes to East and China blocked.
1456-1462> DRACULA. Vlad "The Impaler" Dracul. Romanian -Vlad Tepes, Prince of Wallachia.
Hero in Bulgaria and Romania by protecting Christianity from encroachment by
Muslim rule of the Ottoman Turk Empire.
Many films to include "Dracula"(1973) starring Jack Palance.
1456-1462> DRACULA. Vlad "The Impaler" Dracul. Romanian -Vlad Tepes, Prince of Wallachia.
Hero in Bulgaria and Romania by protecting Christianity from encroachment by
Muslim rule of the Ottoman Turk Empire.
Many films to include "Dracula"(1973) starring Jack Palance.
January 1, 1492 > CAPTURE TREASURE OF GRENADA. Queen Isabella and King
Ferdinand of Spain defeat last Islamic stronghold of Grenada in Spain.
Happy New Year 1492.
1492> SPANISH INQUISITION. Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition.
Royal decrees issued in 1492 and 1501 ordering Jews and Muslims to convert
to Christian Roman Catholic Religion or leave Spain.
"History of the World Part 1"(1981) Mel Brooks, Dom DeLuise, Madeline Kahn
1492> SPANISH INQUISITION. Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition.
Royal decrees issued in 1492 and 1501 ordering Jews and Muslims to convert
to Christian Roman Catholic Religion or leave Spain.
"History of the World Part 1"(1981) Mel Brooks, Dom DeLuise, Madeline Kahn
Friday, Oct. 12, 1492 > NEW WORLD VOYAGES. Christopher Columbus sails to New World
with financing & Flag of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain.
"Christopher Columbus - The Discovery"(1992) Marlon Brando, Benicio Del Toro
George Corraface, Rachael Ward, Tom Selleck, Robert Davi, Catherine Zeta-Jones.
"Christopher Columbus - The Discovery"(1992) Marlon Brando, Benicio Del Toro
George Corraface, Rachael Ward, Tom Selleck, Robert Davi, Catherine Zeta-Jones.
1503-1504> LEONARDO DA VINCI. Begins to paint MONA LISA in Florence (Firenze), Italy.
May 20, 1506> CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS. Deceased in Valladolid, Spain, 2 years after Fourth
voyage to what is now Panama Canal Zone, Central America. He was 54 years old.
1507> FIRST MAP OF AMERICA. Martin Waldseemuller and Matthias Ringmann of
Germany, working at Saint Di'E, France, produce the very first Map in the
history of the world with the name "AMERICA"based on voyages of Columbus
and Amerigo Vespucci. AMERICA is born.
Not understood until 1519 when Magellean circumnanavigates Globe.
1508> MICHAELANGELO. Commissioned to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
in Rome, Italy by Pope Julius II.
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (6 Mar 1475–18 Feb 1564)
"The Agony and the Ecstacy" (1965) Charlton Heston, Rex Harrison
1513> MACHIAVELLI. Niccolo Machiavelli publishes "The Prince".
Well known treatise advancing new political science for its time.
Also from Florence (Firenze), Italy had some collaboration with DaVinci.
Wed., Oct. 31, 1517 PROTESTANT REFORMATION. Martin Luther publishes his
'Ninety-Five Theses on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences' by writing
and sending to his Roman Catholic Archbishop at Mainz, Germany.
Luther is a devout Roman Catholic Monk and Priest up to this time.
Previous to this schism all Christians are Roman Catholic in Europe.
1519-1522> CIRCUMNAVIGATION OF GLOBE. Portugese Sailor and Navigator,
Ferdinand Magellan, circumnavigates earth Atlantic to Pacific.
Magellan is killed in Phillipines during expedition.
July 1, 1520> HALLS OF MONTEZUMA . Aztec King Moctezuma II (Montezuma)
killed at Aztec Capital, island city of Tenochtitlan, (Mexico) during
occupation of Royal Spanish troops under command of Hernan, (Hernando)
(Fernando) CORTEZ. (See Indiana Jones-Last Crusade "Cross of Cortez").
"Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989) Harrison Ford, Sean Connery.
Dec. 17, 1538 HENRY VIII EXCOMMUNICATED. From Roman Catholic Church by
Pope Paul III. Marked final results of long standing disputes between English
Royalty and Roman Catholic Church. Disputes began in 1534 when Henry was
denied consent to divorce. Church of England is born.
1558> NOSTRADAMUS. Michel de Nostredame (1503-1566). Third Edition of
prophecies published. Somme quatrains speak of the "New City."
March 1, 1579> PIRATES OF CARIBBEAN. Sir Frances Drake under permission of Queen
Elizabeth I of England, in fast Caravel ship, "GOLDEN HIND" captures
large Spanish Galleon "CAGAFUEGO" and takes huge treasure of
silver, gold, precious gems. Thus began Era of Pirates of the Caribbean
on the "Spanish Main."
Feb. 24, 1582 GREGORIAN CALENDAR. Established by official papal bulletin (bull) of
Roman Catholic Pope Gregory XIII (thirteenth). Replaces previous Julian
Calendar and is more accurate mathematically.
1589> GALILEO GALILEI . Appointed to Chairman of Mathematics in Pisa, Italy.
Becomes father of modern astronomy, physics and mathematics. Uses "Leaning
Tower of Pisa" in famous experiment in physics.
1597> WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE. Publishes new Play - "Romeo and Juliet".
Set in Verona, Italy. Depicts teenage lovers tragedy in the midst of the feuding Italian
families of the Montague and Capulets.
Saturday, Nov. 5, 1605 GUY FAWKES. Celebration of defeat of plot of Guy Fawkes against English Crown.
Guy Fawkes is burned in effigy on bonfire each year thereafter.
Fawkes ploted to blow up House of Lords and restore Roman Catholic Monarch
to England which is gone since Henry VIII in 1538.
Film loosely based on, "V for Vendetta" (2005) Natalie Portman, Hugo Weaving, John Hurt
May 14, 1607> FIRST AMERICAN COLONY.
of Britain at Jamestown, Virginia
1749> JUSTERINI AND BROOKS. Establish J&B Scotch Whiskey in Scotland.
By Giacomo Justerini of Bologna, Italy at Scotland, UK.
July 4, 1776> DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE at Philadelphia by Second
1749> JUSTERINI AND BROOKS. Establish J&B Scotch Whiskey in Scotland.
By Giacomo Justerini of Bologna, Italy at Scotland, UK.
1753> GEORGE WASHINGTON. (2-22-1732 to 12-14-1799). Accepts Officer Commission
as MAJOR, Militia, British Army, American Colony of Virginia, 1753-1758.
French and Indian War. (1754-1763).
Oct. 25, 1760> KING GEORGE III. A Prince of the Holy Roman Empire. Becomes King of
United Kingdom of Britain and Ireland.July 4, 1776> DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE at Philadelphia by Second
Continental Congress. USA is born. Constitutional Republic begins.
"1776" (1972) William Daniels, Howard Da Silva, Ken Howard;
"The Patriot" (2000) Mel Gibson, Heath Ledger, Joely Richardson
September 3, 1783 > TREATY OF PARIS. After Battle of Yorktown,Va., 10-19-1781,
"1776" (1972) William Daniels, Howard Da Silva, Ken Howard;
"The Patriot" (2000) Mel Gibson, Heath Ledger, Joely Richardson
September 3, 1783 > TREATY OF PARIS. After Battle of Yorktown,Va., 10-19-1781,
Independence of USA recognized. US separates from
Great Britain & Holy Roman Empire by Treaty.
http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/revwartimeline.htm
http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/revwartimeline.htm
